Pope Francis, at 88, passed away peacefully on Monday morning, initiating a period of intense deliberation regarding his successor. While numerous men within the Catholic Church could theoretically assume the role of pontiff, historical precedent dictates that the Sacred College of Cardinals – currently comprised of 252 members – has traditionally selected the papacy since 1378, as documented by Religion News Service.
The current cardinals, chosen by Pope Francis himself as advisors and assistants, have spurred considerable discussion about potential leadership. Several figures emerged as leading contenders for the 267th pope:
- Cardinal Pietro Parolin (70, Italy): As Vatican Secretary of State – the highest-ranking diplomatic position within the Holy See – Parolin is viewed favorably by many cardinals. His politically moderate stance and extensive background in international relations, as reported by The New York Post, suggest he represents a continuity with Francis’ approach. He previously served in Mexico and Nicaragua, appointed in 2014.
- Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle (67, Philippines): Often referred to as the “Asian Pope Francis,” Tagle’s more progressive views on social issues – particularly regarding LGBTQI rights – align with a shifting demographic within the Church, according to The Catholic Herald. He has expressed concern over the Church’s traditional stance on these matters and their potential impact.
- Cardinal Peter Erdo (72, Hungary): Representing a conservative faction, Erdo is considered a strong contender due to his critical views of Pope Francis regarding divorce and immigration policies. As highlighted by The Catholic Herald, his appointment could signal a significant shift in the Church’s direction. He has also voiced opposition to refugee resettlement.
- Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo Besungu (65, Democratic Republic of Congo): Based in the African nation of the DRC, where Catholicism is experiencing rapid growth, Ambongo rejected Pope Francis’ blessing of same-sex couples, reflecting a conservative theological perspective.
- Cardinal Raymond Burke (76, United States of America): A prominent American cardinal, Burke remains steadfastly conservative and advocates for the traditional Latin Mass, publicly criticizing Pope Francis’ stances on contraception, LGBT issues, and civil marriage.
- Cardinal Matteo Zuppi (69, Italy): As President of the Italian Episcopal Conference and Archbishop of Bologna, Zuppi is a trusted figure within the Vatican. His involvement in peace missions to Ukraine and meetings with President Biden demonstrate his diplomatic skills and strong connection to Francis’ administration.
The selection process hinges on the votes of cardinals aged 80 or younger, who participate in what is known as the conclave – a secretive gathering where ballots are cast until a two-thirds majority is achieved. Upon the election, white smoke signals the new pontiff’s arrival to the world.
